In the field of precision machining, particularly for CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining of non-circular parts, achieving high accuracy and productivity under various disturbance conditions is a critical challenge. Non-circular parts, such as ellipses, polygons, and irregular curves, present significant difficulties in maintaining the desired geometric integrity during the machining process due to inherent non-linearities, varying cutting conditions, and external disturbances. CNC machines are designed to execute precise motions and operations based on pre-programmed instructions, often with real-time feedback control mechanisms. However, these systems face significant challenges in adapting to disturbances that may arise during machining. These disturbances could be caused by tool wear, varying material properties, dynamic forces, thermal Read more